In September 2021, the book „Mensch. Maschine. Kommunikation.“ will be published. It is edited by Sarah Brommer and Christa Dürscheid. One chapter (by Oliver Bendel) is in English and is entitled „Chips, Devices, and Machines within Humans: Bodyhacking as Movement, Enhancement, and Adaptation“. From the abstract: „This contribution about bodyhacking as movement, enhancement, and adaptation has three purposes. First, it aims to clarify terms in this field or to draw attention to the fact that they are used differently. Second, it wants to shed light on and explore a phenomenon that has a history but is also making history at the moment. Third, it wants to bring possible fields of application into play which remain unexplored, or which lie in the future. Literature analysis and own considerations and conclusions are used. The article first defines and distinguishes ‚biohacking‘, ‚bodyhacking‘, ‚human enhancement‘, ‚animal enhancement‘, ‚cyborg‘, and ‚transhumanism‘. It then addresses selected examples of bodyhacking. The author lists typical and known applications, ordered by their different objectives. He discusses actual and potential developments, for example as a response to potential crises and disasters (including pandemics) and in the context of satellites and foreign planets. On this basis, a brief philosophical discourse takes place leading to a summary and outlook. It turns out that bodyhacking brings opportunities with it, especially for the self-determined person, who takes his or her own body as a starting point and deals responsibly with the potentials. In this way, it can break with outdated conventions and create a new view of the body and its relationship with the environment. Moreover, it promises solutions to present and future problems. Of course, it also harbours moral and health risks.“ The book is available for pre-order now. More information via www.narr.de/mensch-maschine-kommunikation-18471-1/.
The project on robot enhancement at the School of Business FHNW has been running since the summer of 2020 and an online survey is currently being conducted. Participation is still possible until November 30, 2020. Vedrana Petrovic and Thao Doan Thi Thu sent a message to all students at the university: „We are two students studying International Management at campus Olten and currently writing our bachelor thesis about social robot enhancement. This thesis is supervised by Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel and written on behalf of the FHNW. The objective of this bachelor thesis is to examine a potential new working field related to social robots. Therefore, your responses will be very valuable to us. The online survey takes about 5-10 minutes to be completed and can be done until 30 November 2020. Any data is treated anonymously and solely used for the purpose of the survey. Also, don’t miss the chance to win two Coop vouchers worth CHF 20 each at the end of the survey! You can access the survey here: www.surveymonkey.com/r/Y88DNZ3 …“ Over 100 people have already taken part. In order to reach even more people, the students have agreed with the supervisor to spread the link via blogs.
Social robots and service robots usually have a defined locomotor system, a defined appearance and defined mimic and gestural abilities. This leads, on the one hand, to a certain familiarization effect. On the other hand, the actions of the robots are thus limited, for example in the household or in a shopping mall. Robot enhancement is used to extend and improve social robots and service robots. It changes their appearance and expands their scope. It is possible to apply attachments to the hardware, extend limbs and exchange components. One can pull skin made of silicone over the face or head, making the robots look humanoid. One can also change the software and connect the robot to AI systems – this is already done many times. The project or thesis, announced by Oliver Bendel in August 2020 at the School of Business FHNW, should first present the principles and functional possibilities of robot enhancement. Second, concrete examples should be given and described. One of these examples, e.g., the skin made of silicone, has to be implemented. Robots like Pepper or Atlas would be completely changed by such a skin. They could look uncanny, but also appealing. The project will start in September 2020.
Human Enhancement, die Erweiterung und Verbesserung des Menschen mit Hilfe biologischer und technischer Mittel, kann aus der Perspektive der Medizin, der Künstlichen Intelligenz, der Robotik und der Informatik betrieben bzw. thematisiert werden. Verschiedene Bereichsethiken können nach Chancen und Risiken in moralischer Hinsicht fragen. Die Informationsethik ist gefordert, wenn die Entwicklung von der Informatik ausgeht. Mit ihr kann man Fragen des Datenschutzes, der informationellen und persönlichen Autonomie und der Kontrolle des Menschen mithilfe von Hacking und Manipulation beantworten. Auch die Maschinenethik ist in verschiedener Weise von Relevanz. Der Beitrag von Oliver Bendel zum Thema ist im Juli 2013 im Wirtschaftslexikon von Gabler erschienen. Er gibt eine allgemeine Übersicht, geht auf Verfahren und Methoden ein und nimmt am Ende, im Rahmen von Kritik und Ausblick, den Blickwinkel der Ethik ein: „Damit Menschen- und Tierwürde nicht verletzt und Manipulation und Instrumentalisierung von Körper bzw. Geist nicht zur unhinterfragten Norm werden, bedarf es moralischer und ethischer Diskussionen (auch aus der Wirtschaftsethik heraus) ebenso wie rechtlicher Anpassungen.“
